Abstract Mathematical robust modeling, a modern approach in IRAN public budgeting Abstract: Nowadays most of resource allocation is mental, empirical and based on the old methods. So it does not have generalization ability and mathematical confirm, Hence using from quantity theory for nearing of quantitative and qualitative human resource is essential objective. Budgeting lows based on forecasting which always face with errors and uncertainty. These errors are Prediction errors, Measurement Errors, Implementation Errors, so mirror change cause to hesitation on optimally and feasibility for budgeting lows. Goal of this article is designing of a budgeting model in the public sector in IRAN to be able for glancing uncertainty factor which with preserving optimally and feasibility allocation area in the budget low in contorting with changing, guaranty his flexibility in the also implementation. There are different approaches for glancing of effect of uncertainty which from these approaches, we selected robust optimization approach And the model developed by using of Bertsimas & Sym model. Until on foundation of measurement convex, decision makers from situation of now and future of country, be able use from every one these robust models.

Abstract Commitment in industrial buyer and seller relationships is an important issue ‎of relationship-oriented marketing. Some of the benefits that marketers may ‎gain from commitment of industrial buyers include: favorable buyer ‎purchasing behavior, which leads to decreasing the seller’s costs and ‎increasing the seller’s revenues.‎ This study investigates the factors effecting on buyer commitment in ‎industrial markets and impact of commitment on purchasing behavior. The ‎method of study is applied and descriptive. It employs structural model and ‎correlation analysis. The sample was industrial buyers of a famous company ‎in wood industry.‎ Findings of the study are:‎ • Industrial buyer commitment is improved according to reciprocal ‎services.‎ • Favorable buyer purchasing behavior is enhanced with increasing of ‎industrial buyer commitment.‎ • Seller’s revenues are increased as a result of favorable buyer ‎purchasing behavior.‎ • Seller’s costs are decreased as a result of favorable buyer purchasing ‎behavior.‎ According to these findings, it is suggested that managers pay due ‎attention to buyer commitment and offer reciprocal services for improving ‎buyer commitment.‎

Abstract The purpose of preventive maintenance management is to perform a series of tasks that prevents or minimizes production breakdowns and improves the reliability of production facilities. The inspection, repair, and replacement of production equipment are tasks that are central to preventive maintenance management. An important objective of preventive maintenance management is to minimize the downtime of production facilities. In order to accomplish this objective, management personnel has to efficiently allocate resources and determine an effective maintenance schedule. Mathematical models have been developed to solve the preventive maintenance-scheduling problem of assigning skilled personnel to work with tasks that require a set of corresponding skills. However, there are several limitations in the prior work in this area of research. The craft-combination problem has not been solved because the craft-combinations is assumed to be given. The craft-combination problem concerns the computation of all combinations of assigning multi-skilled workers to accomplishing a particular task. In fact, determining craft-combinations is difficult because of the exponential number of craft-combinations that are possible. This research provides an integrated solution for the preventive maintenance-scheduling problem with multi-skilled workforce constraints. Two novel preventive maintenance-scheduling model is formulated to automatically produce the optimal solution and craft combination.

Abstract Websites are a set of interconnected web pages grouped under the same ‎domain name. Websites are useful tools for introducing organizations to ‎their clients. They are best known for their ability to combine text with ‎graphic signs and other multimedia for the purpose of exchanging ‎information between the organizations and the users. Universities are among ‎those organizations that use websites for interacting with faculty members, ‎students and other interested people. ‎ This article emphasizes on the key characteristics of university websites. ‎After studying the websites of top universities in the world, the author ‎suggests a framework for the university websites in Iran.‎

Abstract This article introduces factors the effective on creation and enforcement of ‎organizational commitment, and then surveys these impact among the staff of ‎public banks. This study uses the survey research method to answer the basic ‎questions and hypothesis. Population is 8450 people including all staff of the ‎public banks in Shiraz City (in2007). Finally, based on pilot study and using ‎stratified sampling method, 440 people were elected as sample. The results ‎indicated that the factors such participation in organizational decision making, ‎job security, participation in goal setting and participation in ownership, with ‎‎95% confidence level, are the important factors on the creation and enforcement ‎of organizational commitment in the research population. ‎

Abstract Measurement of Governance Capacity: Concept, ‎Modeling and Evaluation Ali Asghar Fani1, SeyedYaghoub Hosseini2, Hassan Danaeifard3,‎ Asghar Moshabaki4‎ ‎1-‎ ‎ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, ‎Tehran, Iran ‎2-‎ ‎ Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, ‎Iran ‎3-‎ ‎ Associate Professor, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, ‎Tehran, Iran ‎4-‎ ‎ Associate Professor, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, ‎Tehran, Iran Received: 17 /7/2010 Accept: 18/10/2010‎ Government capacity and governance capacity are the new concepts that ‎have recently entered the literature of state management and political ‎science. The existing literature in this ground is neither comprehensive nor ‎homogeneous. This article intends to study different dimensions of capacity ‎and, based on the findings, introduce a model for examining it.‎ Governance capacity is manifested in such dimensions as the capacity of ‎a state in designing, implementing and assessing policies and super policies. ‎The innovative point in this article is the introduction of a model on ‎governance capacity, which has not been done in the previous researches. In ‎the past studies, based on the context of the related study, scholars have had ‎a micro view on the governance subject, and no comprehensive view to ‎include all dimensions of governance has been considered. This inadequacy ‎is removed by the outcomes of the present article.‎ This article consists of two parts. The first part includes the review of ‎theoretical literature about governance capacity and theoretical fundamentals ‎of the concept. The second part introduces a model, which has been ‎examined by the data collected from different countries.‎

Abstract The effect of the evolutionary trend of various sciences on organization ‎theory has considered the importance of external legitimacy along with the ‎significance of internal efficiency. If management is concerned with ‎instrumental rationality, sociology inclines toward cultural rationality. In ‎Iran, this cultural background has been greatly influenced by structural and ‎behavioral interactions of domination by control of water. In this respect, ‎hydrocracy is considered as a very illuminative concept indicating the nature ‎of administrative interactions in Iran, which is manifested in the literature ‎both within the structure of traditional bureaucracy. It further in the structure ‎of fake democracy and aggravates a kind of linguistic domination.‎

Abstract Today world is changing rapidly. Communications are prevailing every day, ‎information access becomes easier and competition for selling goods gets ‎more sever. One can no more impose the customer to buying a good. It ‎seems that the most successful manufacturers emphasize on an important ‎principle; a simple and at the same time, difficult principle, namely ‎‎“customer service management”. Supply chain management and logistics ‎literature indicates that this principle has changed into a strategic goal for ‎organizations. Companies have found out that with, more customers’ ‎satisfaction and more market share can be obtained by enrichment of their ‎logistics performance. ‎ The methodology used in this research is based on quality function ‎deployment (QFD) approach. It shows that the application of house of ‎quality (HOQ) method improves the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics ‎services and therefore leads to customers’ satisfaction. Also, in order to ‎avoid subjective judgment weak points, fuzzy logic has been used. This ‎methodology has been performed in “Pars Electric Company” for ‎determining strategic activities in the strategic management of car radio. ‎

Abstract Organizations will to own employees doing extra-role behaviors voluntarily ‎in order to improve organizational performance. OB researchers are trying ‎for more than 20 years to identify predictors of these kinds of behaviors, ‎which are called organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). One of these ‎predictors is organizational politics perceptions. Although-based on some ‎research results-there is a meaningful negative relationship between ‎organizational politics perceptions and OCBs, workplace spirituality’s ‎potential to reduce negative outcomes of organizational politics perceptions, ‎from one hand, and it’s capability to enhance OCBs, on the other, lead us to ‎study the moderating role of this variable in the relationship between OPPs ‎and OCBs. Hence, this paper is aimed to examine the mediating role of ‎workplace spirituality in relationship between organizational politics ‎perceptions and citizenship behaviors. The results uncovered that the ‎workplace spirituality meaningfully moderates OPPs-OCBs negative ‎relationship. ‎

Abstract Customer satisfaction represents a modern approach for quality in enterprises and organizations and serves the development of a truly customer-focused management and culture. Measuring customer satisfaction offers an immediate, meaningful and objective feedback about clients' preferences and expectations. In this way, company's performance may be evaluated in relation to a set of satisfaction dimensions that indicate the strong and the weak points of a organization. In this research and for the first time in Iran; Multicriteria satisfaction analysis is offered for measuring and analysis of customer satisfaction in export development bank of Iran (EDBI). The integrated methodology evaluates the satisfaction level of a set of customers based on their values and expressed preferences. This research has been performed in according to request of Customer Affairs and Branch Coordination Department in EDBI that by solution of several linear programming model (with respect to Hierarchical structure of customers' satisfaction dimensions), average satisfaction level and importance (weight) of each dimension will be achieved and finally by development of a set of quantitative indices and perceptual maps makes possible the provision of an effective support for the satisfaction evaluation problem.