Abstract We can call “EFQM excellence model” as a transition from the great number of different models and approaches to unity in context of organizational improvement and excellence. Doing self-assessment to find areas for improvement (AFIs) is the most important application of this model. Those organizations which are on lower level of total quality management will encounter lots of AFIs. So finding key problems is an important challenge for them. Reviewing the literature shows that there is no specific and systematic model to solve this challenge. We intended to introduce a mathematical screening model in order to help organizations to find their key problems. The proposed model was designed in fuzzy context, because decision making situation of most of the organizations is in vague and ambiguity.

Abstract In this research, production planning for refinery production processes (multi-stage, multi-production) was modeled with two approaches: crisp and fuzzy. The purpose of this article was to answer this question that which approach (crisp or fuzzy) has a better answer for production planning. To answer this question, at first, one multi- stage multi- production crisp linear mathematical model for a 24-hour period was designed. Then its fuzzy model was organized and finally the models were tested in a research sample. The results from fuzzy and crisp models showed the improvement of optimal answer in fuzzy model rather than crisp model. Also it should be mentioned that the presented model in this research can be applied in other refinery production processes (multi-stage,multi-production).So it is recommended that for mathematical modeling of production planning, Corresponding vague and ambiguous factors should be measured through fuzzy logic and this kind of modeling should be used as a base for production planning. Disregarding this subject is the shortcoming of the previous models (which are mentioned in Introduction).

Abstract Entrepreneurship is a new phenomena Iin Iiran and the research in this subject especially in women entrepreneurship is very limited. In spite of the fact that most of the Iranian Women coperate in economic and, social aspects and especially in higher education, the society is not reaping the rewards of all their cooperations and efforts in economic affairs. On the other hand, different strategies of men and women entrepreneurs in start up process and business management as well as their different views to success are the sources of differences in their businesses. In favor of total knowledge of Iranian women’s businesses and the factors that influence the process of start-up, a vast and national research on educated women entrepreneur population was done through a questionnaire built for this subject. The questionnaire was and corrected by the experts and a pretest. This article presents a part of the results about strategies and views of Iranian women entrepreneurs to success. The results point out that Iranian women entrepreneurs start their businesses by planning and presentation of the best quality of products or services. This planning results in prosperity of their businesses. Iranian women entrepreneurs also view success of business in obtaining personal satisfaction and improvement of their abilities, then in profit.

Abstract Commercialization of technology is one of the importants element of innovation process and there are several difficulties to do that. Evaluating and pricing of know –how is one of the most complicated activities in commercialization process. The complexity of technology and know-how pricing has caused difficulties for research technology institutes (RTIs) leading them to use heuristic method for pricing. On the other hand, they are eager to use scientific methods for pricing in commercialization process. In this paper, a model was developed to systematically evaluate know-how and then to price the technology based on experience and heuristics method. Then the model was tested with the real cases in the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI)(Iran).

Abstract In this research We introduce a new distribution center (DC) location model that incorporates working inventory and safety stock inventory costs at the distribution centers. In addition, the model incorporates transport costs from the suppliers to the DCs that explicitly reflect economies of scale through the use of a fixed cost term. The model was formulated as a non-linear integer-programming problem. The algorithms were tested on the problems with 15 retailers and 5 distribution centers. We uses SOLVER of Excel for modeling, solution and sensitivity analysis of the results. Finally, the sensitivity of the results to changes in key parameters including the fixed cost of placing orders was discussed. Significant reductions in these costs might be expected from e-commerce technologies. The model suggests that as these costs decrease, it is optimal to locate additional facilities.

Abstract Holding companies differ in nature from commercial companies. Adopting a specific policy towards products and services, holding companies support and control their subsidiaries. Competition and strategic planning conceptually differ in companies and ordinary commercial companies owing to the fact that no two holding companies, which provide similar products and services can be found, even at the international level. Information systems strategic planning (ISSP) is accomplished to develop an orientation toward the investment in information and communications technologies that aligns with the strategic objectives of the organization. As mentioned earlier, due to the differences between parent companies and ordinary commercial companies with single- or multi-products/services in terms of strategic planning and competition, the information systems strategic planning process in holding companies follows quite different steps. This distinguishing nature leads us to take considerations into account in ISSP steps. Applying balanced scoredcard method, this article concentrates the limited resources of investment on the processes that fulfill an essential role in accomplishing the strategic objectives of holding companies.

Abstract In every organization, different employees have different capabilities. for development of these capabilities and linking with corporate strategies, according to each category of capabilities, different HRM styles should be used. The purpose of this paper was to examine the accordance of HRM styles with HR capabilities in industrial companies. So, by reviewing the related approaches, the effective factors in selecting HRM styles were discussed. Then, using "strategic value" and "uniqueness" as strategic capabilities, a classification of four types of workers were developed, and a HRM style was proposed for every type. Then the accordance of HRM styles with strategic capabilities in a sample of industrial companies was examined. Level of human capabilities and HRM styles in every company were determined with questionnaire survey. Finally, the obtained results were discussed and some suggestions were presented.

Abstract Human resources are the fundamental consideration of any organization, and the development of organization depends upon the effective and optimum use of the resources particularly its manpower. The ideal systems cannot accomplish their programs without creating appropriate background in their manpower, and the most crucia point is that the program in itself relies on a kind of discipline. On the other hand, set of behaviors of the people within an organization form organizational behavior, and then social behavior which in turn forms social discipline. In other way, social discipline is the result of discipline and order of the individuals in social system. The simplest and the most understandable illustration of discipline is that anyone in any place and in any profession does his/her best obeying the law. cultural activities Scientific survey and recognition of the relationship between different elements and this social phenomenon can help establishing a powerful social discipline Besides within the organization. To do so, this paper which is the result of a scientific research an the relationship between social discipline and some organizational elements aims to present a short summary of the findings and the results of related scientific research papers.

Abstract Participating of demos in decision making processes of their society have had been the scientists utopia. Communication and information technologies paved the way for participation of the people in their fate. By the way, the most important construct in this equation is public trust that determines the level and specificatian of democracy To explain the role of trust in electronic government, we took advantages of justice pentagon (five dimensional) model and examined public administrators, faculty members and students opinion about electronic government, public trust and democracy. The results support our electronic government – justice – trust and democracy conceptual model.

Abstract By the increasing rate of flexibility in management systems including compensation systems, it is necessary to study theoretically and understand the key variables on designation of flexible compensation systems. Purpose – The purpose of this article is to study the ability of agency theory in explanation of compensation problems inrollving the cultural context and occupation features in Iranian Automotivie Induslry. Design/methodology- In this article, a conceptual model was developed in which we examined the relation of independent variable (agency theory assumptions) and dependent variables (current structure of compensation contracts and agent's tendency to arrange this structure). this relation is interfered with moderate variables (cultural dimensions and kind of occupation). In order to test the hypothesis, two active firms in automotive industry (manufacturing and service companies) were selected for sampling. It is to be mentioned that agency theory assumptions have not been examined in Iranian Automantive ludustry. Results –Test of hypothesis confirmed lots of agency theory assumptions. our findings showed that some of agency theory predictions are attenuated by cultural characteristics and most of time there is a significant relation between agency theory assumptions and occupation conditions. Conclusions - using agency theory assumptions with respect to cultural dimensions and occupation dimensions and occupation conditions in drawing up of compensation contracts will improve Iranian firm’s wage and salary systems in order to reduce agency problems and the related cost.