Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student in Strategic Management, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Digital transformation is rapidly changing apparel retail organizations. The high speed of new knowledge and the uncertainty of the fashion world do not allow organizations to make strategic plans, and force them to make strategic decisions in this field. Identifying and conceptualizing the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations is the primary goal of this research by using the multi-grounded theory research strategy. In the theoretical grounding stage, twenty-three international articles were selected and codes and concepts were extracted using the metanalysis method. In the experimental grounding stage, interviews were conducted with seventeen experts, and the codes and concepts extracted from the metanalysis stage were re-examined, redefined, and completed. Finally, by going back and forth and enriching the theory, the conceptual framework model of strategic decision-making drivers of digital transformation in Iran's apparel retail was designed. The results indicate that the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations are in seventeen concepts and four categories under the headings of "organizational drivers," industry and market pressure," "government infrastructure requirements," and "environmental macro trends." The economic pressure and the spread of information technology and bio-social changes from the environmental macro trends and the expectation of financial performance and digital infrastructure of the organization and the employees' pressure from the category of organizational drivers and customer pressure and the pressure of the competitive environment from the category of Industry and market pressure seem to have the most importancecompared to other concepts.

Keywords

[1]    Jocevski, M., Arvidsson, N., Miragliotta, G., Ghezzi, A., & Mangiaracina, R. (۲۰۱۹). Transitions towards omni-channel retailing strategies: a business model perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2018-0176
[2]    Shafiee, R., Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, R., Ghorbanizadeh, V., & Gaffari, F. (۲۰۲۱). Phenomenological Exploration Presence of Low Customer Density Effects in Retailing on Customer Experience in Shopping Centers/Malls. Journal of Management Research in Iran, ۲۵ (۳), ۷۷-113 [in persian].
[3]    Shepherd, N. G., & Rudd, J. M. (۲۰۱۴). The influence of context on the strategic decision‐making process: A review of the literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, ۱۶ (۳).۳۴۰-364.  https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12023
[4]    Mintzberg, H. (۲۰۲۲). An Underlying Theory for Strategy, Organization, and Management: Bridging the Gap Between Analysis and Synthesis. Strategic Management Review, ۳ (۱), ۱۲۵-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/111.00000039
[5]    Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. v. (۲۰۱۳). Digital business strategy:toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, ۴۷۱-482.  
[6]    Rezaeean, A., & Firouzbakht, E. (۲۰۲۲). Designing and Verifying the Conceptual Model of Digital Transformation in Project-Based Organizations of Iran's Oil and Gas Industry (Vol. ۲۶): Tarbiat Modares University [in persian].
[7]    Rosenzweig, P. (۲۰۱۳). What makes strategic decisions different. Harvard Business Review, ۹۱ (۱۱), ۸۸. 
[8]    Rautenbach, W. J. (۲۰۱۹). The development of a conceptual framework for enabling a value-adding digital transformation. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.
[9]    Tuunainen, V. K., & Rossi, M. (۲۰۰۲). eBusiness in apparel retailing industry-critical issues. ECIS ۲۰۰۲ Proceedings, ۱۳۶. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2002/136
[10]    Christensen, C. M., Bartman, T., & Bever, D. v. (۲۰۱۶). The hard truth about business model innovation.
[11]     Wrede, M., Velamuri, V. K., & Dauth, T. (۲۰۲۰). Top managers in the digital age: Exploring the role and practices of top managers in firms' digital transformation. Managerial and Decision Economics, ۴۱ (۸), ۱۵۴۹-1567.  https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3202
[12]    Singh, A., Klarner, P., & Hess, T. (۲۰۲۰). How do chief digital officers pursue digital transformation activities? The role of organization design parameters. Long Range Planning, ۵۳ (۳), ۱۰۱۸۹۰. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.07.001
[13]    Priyono, A., Moin, A., & Putri, V. N. A. O. (۲۰۲۰). Identifying digital transformation paths in the business model of SMEs during the COVID-۱۹ pandemic. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, ۶ (۴), ۱۰۴. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040104
[14]    Rahmati Karahroodi, S., Shams, G., ShamiZanjani, M., & Abolghasemi, M. (۲۰۲۰). A Qualitative Meta-analysis of digital leaders role. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, ۳۶(۱), ۱-32. doi:۱۰٫۳۵۰۵/jipm010.2020.012 [in persian]. 
[15]     Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. ۲۰۲۰0). Digital transformation challenges: strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. The TQM Journal, ۳۲2۴4), ۶۹۷7-724.  https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309
[16]    Gao, S., Hakanen, E., Töytäri, P., & Rajala, R. (۲۰۱۹). Digital transformation in asset-intensive businesses: Lessons learned from the metals and mining industry.
[17]    Özguner, Z.. (۲۰۲۱) Evaluation of Critical Success Factors Playing Roles in The Digital Transformation Process. Journal of Economics and Business Issues, ۱ (۱), ۳۹-49.
[18]    Schoemaker, P. J., Heaton, S., & Teece, D. (۲۰۱۸). Innovation, dynamic capabilities, and leadership. California Management Review, ۶۱ (۱), ۱۵-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125618790246
[19]    Millar, C. C., Groth, O., & Mahon, J. F. (۲۰۱۸). Management innovation in a VUCA world: Challenges and recommendations. California Management Review, ۶۱ (۱), ۵-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/000812561880511
[20]    Davenport, T. H. (۲۰۱۸). From analytics to artificial intelligence. Journal of Business Analytics, ۱ (۲), ۷۳-80. DOI:10.1080/2573234X.2018.1543535
[21]    Lima, A., & Pacheco, J. (۲۰۲۱). New trends and tools for customer relationship: challenges in digital transformation. In Research Anthology on Digital Transformation, Organizational Change, and the Impact of Remote Work (pp. ۱۹۱۶-1934): IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7297-9.ch095
[22]    López, T., Riedler, T., Köhnen, H., & Fütterer, M. (۲۰۲۲). Digital value chain restructuring and labour process transformations in the fast‐fashion sector: Evidence from the value chains of Zara & H&M. Global Networks, ۲۲ (۴), ۶۸۴-700.  https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.1235
[23]    Jin, B. E., & Shin, D. C. (۲۰۲۰). Changing the game to compete: Innovations in the fashion retail industry from the disruptive business model. Business Horizons, ۶۳ (۳), ۳۰۱-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.01.004
[24]    Grewal, D., Gauri, D. K., Roggeveen, A. L., & Sethuraman, R. (۲۰۲۱). Strategizing retailing in the new technology era. Journal of Retailing, ۹۷ (۱), ۶-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2021.02.004
[25]    Lorenzo-Romero, C., Andrés-Martínez, M.-E., Cordente-Rodríguez, M., & Gómez-Borja, M. Á. (۲۰۲۱). Active participation of e-consumer: A qualitative analysis from fashion retailer perspective. Sage Open, ۱۱ (۱), ۲۱۵۸۲۴۴۰۲۰۹۷۹۱۷۰ https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020979169
[26]    Garzoni, A., De Turi, I., Secundo, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (۲۰۲۰). Fostering digital transformation of SMEs: a four levels approach. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2019-0939
[27]    Goldkuhl, G., & Cronholm, S. (۲۰۱۰). Adding theoretical grounding to grounded theory: Toward multi-grounded theory. International journal of qualitative methods, ۹ (۲), ۱۸۷-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069100090020
[28]    Sandelowski, M., Barroso, J., & Voils, C. I. (۲۰۰۷). Using qualitative metasummary to synthesize qualitative and quantitative descriptive findings. Research in nursing & health, ۳۰ (۱), ۹۹-111. doi: 10.1002/nur.20176
[29]    Creswell, W. John., Creswell, J. David. (۲۰۱۸). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches ۵th Edition. Kindle Edition.
[30]    Amini, M., VakiliMofrad, H., & Saberi, M. K. (۲۰۲۰). Designing and psychometric evaluation of questionnaire of human factors affecting information security in libraries. Lib Philos Pract, ۲۰۲۰, ۱-9.
[31]    Sousa, P. R. d., Barbosa, M. W., Oliveira, L. K. d., Resende, P. T. V. d., Rodrigues, R. R., Moura, M.T., & Matoso, D. (۲۰۲۱). Challenges, Opportunities, and lessons learned: Sustainability in Brazilian omnichannel retail. Sustainability, ۱۳(۲), ۶۶۶.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020666
[32]    Rao, P. H. N., Vihari, N. S., & Jabeen, S. S. ۲۰۲۱1). Reimagining the fashion retail industry through the implications of COVID۱۹9 in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. FIIB Business Review, ۱۰0۴4), ۳۲۷7-338.
[33]    Pantano, E., Priporas, C. V., & Dennis, C. (۲۰۱۸). A new approach to retailing for successful competition in the new smart scenario. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, ۴۶ (۳), ۲۶۴-282.  https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-04-2017-0080
[34]    Venkatesh, R., Mathew, L., & Singhal, T. K. (۲۰۱۹). Imperatives of business models and digital transformation for digital services providers. International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking (IJBDCN), ۱۵ (۱), ۱۰۵-124. DOI: 10.4018/IJBDCN.2019010107
[35]    Gonzalo, A., Harreis, H., Altable, C. S., & Villepelet, C. (۲۰۲۰). Fashion's digital transformation: Now or never. McKinsey & Company.
[36]    Bonetti, F., Perry, P., & Quinn, L. (۲۰۱۸). The digital revolution in fashion retailing: examining managerial processes and challenges in the adoption of consumer-facing in-store technology. Paper presented at the ۲۰th Annual Conference for the International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes.
[37]    Watson, B. C. (۲۰۱۱). Barcode empires: politics, digital technology, and comparative retail firm strategies. Journal of industry, competition and trade, ۱۱, ۳۰۹-324.
[38]    Cai, Y.-J., & Lo, C. K. (۲۰۲۰). Omni-channel management in the new retailing era: A systematic review and future research agenda. International Journal of Production Economics, ۲۲۹, ۱۰۷۷۲۹. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107729
[39]    Serral, E., Vander Stede, C., & Hasić, F. (۲۰۲۰). Leveraging IoT in retail industry: a maturity model. Paper presented at the ۲۰۲۰ IEEE ۲۲nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI). DOI:10.1109/CBI49978.2020.00020
[40]    Ishfaq, R., Davis‐Sramek, B., & Gibson, B. (۲۰۲۲). Digital supply chains in omnichannel retail: A conceptual framework. Journal of Business Logistics, ۴۳ (۲), ۱۶۹-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12277
[41]    Silva, E. S., Hassani, H., & Madsen, D. Ø. (۲۰۲۰). Big Data in fashion: transforming the retail sector. Journal of Business Strategy, ۴۱ (۴), ۲۱-27.  https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-04-2019-0062
[42]    Reinartz, W., Wiegand, N., & Imschloss, M. (۲۰۱۹). The impact of digital transformation on the retailing value chain. International Journal of Research in Marketing, ۳۶ (۳), ۳۵۰-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2018.12.002
[43]    Bulović, V., & Čović, Z. (۲۰۲۰). The impact of digital transformation on sustainability in fashion retail. Paper presented at the ۲۰۲۰ IEEE ۱۸th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). DOI: 10.1109/SISY50555.2020.9217087
[44]    Savastano, M., Bellini, F., D’Ascenzo, F., & De Marco, M. (۲۰۱۹). Technology adoption for the integration of online–offline purchasing: Omnicha.nnel strategies in the retail environment. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-12-2018-0270
[45]    Lorenzo-Romero, C., Andrés-Martínez, M.-E., Cordente-Rodríguez, M., & Gómez-Borja, M. Á. (۲۰۲۱). Active participation of e-consumer: A qualitative analysis from fashion retailer perspective. Sage Open, ۱۱ (۱), ۲۱۵۸۲۴۴۰۲۰۹۷۹۱۷۰ https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020979169
[46]    Reinartz, W., & Imschloß, M. (۲۰۱۷). From point of sale to point of need: How digital technology is transforming retailing. NIM Marketing Intelligence Review, ۹ (۱), ۴۲-47.
[47]    Khan, S., & Tariq, M. U. (۲۰۲۱). Harnessing IOT advantages in the disruptive era: UAE retail industry. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, ۲۷, ۱-13.
[48]    Alimohammadlou, M., & Bonyani, A. (2020). A decision framework for supplier selection under a fuzzy environment. Modern Researches in Decision Making, 5(4), 119-143.
[49]    Salsabil, M., Rafiei Atani, A. O., & Bonyadi Naeini, A. (2022). Explaining the consumer decision-making model based on cognitive and behavioral sciences using the Meta-synthesis method. Modern Research in Decision Makin