نویسنده
استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه پیام نور
چکیده
توسعه قابلیت های بازاریابی بدون توجه به سرمایه های فکری امری ناشدنی است. از طرفی، محیط پویای اقتصادی مستلزم توجه سازمان ها به اهمیت توسعه رهبری تحول گراست؛ زیرا این رهبران نقش فوق العاده ای در فرآیند ایجاد سرمایۀ انسانی و سایر ابعاد سرمایۀ فکری و به تبع آن، بهبود عملکرد سازمانی دارند. این مقاله به بررسی این نکته می پردازد که چگونه ادراکات کارکنان از سبک تحول گرای رهبری بطور مثبتی مزایای سرمایۀ انسانی و به تبع آن سایر اجزای سرمایۀ فکری و در نهایت قابلیت های بازاریابی کسب و کارهای تجاری را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. برای این منظور، 368 نفر از مدیران میانی و ارشد کسب وکارهای کوچک و متوسط فعال در صنعت غذایی واقع در شهرک های صنعتی سراسر کشور با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان می دهد سبک رهبری تحول گرا، پتانسیل قوی و قابل ملاحظه ای در راستای تأثیر بر درک مزایای سرمایۀ انسانی در بین کارکنان دارد، و مهم تر اینکه، سرمایۀ انسانی با تأثیر یر سایر اجزای سرمایۀ فکری نقش میانجی را در ارتباط بین رهبری تحول گرا و سایر مؤلفه های سرمایۀ فکری ایفا می نماید. در نهایت، شواهد حاکی از تأثیر مستقیم و معنادار سرمایه های اطلاعاتی، ساختاری و رابطه ای بر قابلیت های بازاریابی کسب وکارهای کوچک و متوسط فعال در صنعت غذایی کشور است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Transformational leadership and development of marketing capabilities: Explaining the mediating role intellectual capital (Case Study: SMEs operating in the food industry of IRAN)
نویسنده [English]
- iman hakimi
چکیده [English]
Developing marketing capabilities without paying attention to intellectual capital and especially human capital is impossible.On the other hand, dynamic economic environment requires attention to the importance of transformational leadership development in organizations; because these leaders have a great role in the process of creating the human capital and other dimensions of intellectual capital and consequently, improves organizational performance. This paper explores how employees’ perceptions on leaders’ transformational style positively affect their human capital benefits and consequently affect other components of intellectual capital and ultimately marketing capabilities of business organizations. For these purposes, 368 responses from middle and top level management of small and medium sized businesses operating in the food industry located in industrial zones across the country were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The results show that transformational leadership factors have strong and significant potential to influence employee perceived human capital benefits, and most importantly, human capital, with the influence of other components of intellectual capital, plays a mediating role in the relation between transformational leadership and other components of intellectual capital. Finally, evidence suggests the direct and significant impact of informational capital, structural capital, and relational capital on marketing capabilities of small and medium-sized of enterprises operating in the food industry of IRAN.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Transformational Leadership
- Intellectual capital
- Marketing Capabilities
- Small and medium-sized of enterprises
- : [1] O'Cass, A., & Weerawardena, J. (2010). The effects of perceived industry competitive intensity and marketing-related capabilities: Drivers of superior brand performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(4), 571-581. [2] Dierickx, I., & Cool, K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management science, 35(12), 1504-1511. [3] Day, G. S. (1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. the Journal of marketing, 37-52. [4] De Pablos, P. O., & Edvinsson, L. (2014). Intellectual Capital in Organizations: Non-Financial Reports and Accounts (Vol. 1). Routledge. [5] Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2003). Intellectual capital and firm performance of US multinational firms: a study of the resource-based and stakeholder views. Journal of Intellectual capital, 4(2), 215-226. [6] Mendoza, R. R. (2017). Relationship Between Intangible Assets and Cash Flows: An Empirical Analysis of Publicly Listed Corporations in the Philippines. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 6(1), 188-202. [7] Gonzalez, E. V., Calzada, M. A. H., & Hernandez, B. C. S. (2017). La medicion del capital intelectual y su impacto en el rendimiento financiero en empresas del sector industrial en Mexico. Contaduria y Administracion, 62 (1), 184-206. [8] Griffith, D. A., Yalcinkaya, G., & Calantone, R. J. (2010). Do marketing capabilities consistently mediate effects of firm intangible capital on performance across institutional environments?. Journal of World Business, 45(3), 217-227. [9] Tovstiga, G., & Tulugurova, E. (2009). Intellectual capital practices: a four-region comparative study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 70-80. [10] St-Pierre, J., & Audet, J. (2011). Intangible assets and performance: Analysis on manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(2), 202-223. [11] Pouranjenar, G., Javadzadeh, M., Pouranjenar, A. (1394). Investigating the Relation of Transformational Leadership to Creativity and Innovation and Organizational Entrepreneurship, Commercial Reviews, 14 (77), 79-93. (in persian) [12] Scafarto, V., Ricci, F., & Scafarto, F. (2016). Intellectual capital and firm performance in the global agribusiness industry: the moderating role of human capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(3), 530-552. [13] Whyte, M., & Zyngier, S. (2014). Applied intellectual capital management: experiences from an Australian public sector trial of the Danish intellectual capital statement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 15(2), 227-248. [14] Massingham, P. R., & Tam, L. (2015). The relationship between human capital, value creation and employee reward. Journal of intellectual capital, 16(2), 390-418. [15] Kalkan, A., Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Arman, M. (2014). The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational strategy on firm performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 700-707. [16] Örnek, A. Ş., & Ayas, S. (2015). The relationship between intellectual capital, innovative work behavior and business performance reflection. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1387-1395. [17] Mahmudi Meymand, M., & Kiarazm, A. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital Components and Organizational Innovation Drivers. Transformational Management Research journal, 7 (14), 57-74. [18] Mention, A. L., & Bontis, N. (2013). Intellectual capital and performance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium. Journal of Intellectual capital, 14(2), 286-309. [19] Baron, A. (2011). Measuring human capital. Strategic HR Review, 10(2), 30-35. [20] Claver-Cortés, E., Zaragoza-Sáez, P. C., Molina-Manchón, H., & Úbeda-García, M. (2015). Intellectual capital in family firms: human capital identification and measurement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(1), 199-223. [21] Olander, H., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., & Heilmann, P. (2015). Human resources–strength and weakness in protection of intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(4), 742-762. [22] Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224. [23] Dimov, D. (2017). Towards a qualitative understanding of human capital in entrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(2), 210-227. [24] Benevene, P., & Cortini, M. (2010). Interaction between structural capital and human capital in Italian NPOs: Leadership, organizational culture and human resource management. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(2), 123-139. [25] Kianto, A., Andreeva, T., & Pavlov, Y. (2013). The impact of intellectual capital management on company competitiveness and financial performance. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 11(2), 112-122. [26] Ariño, A., De la Torre, J., & Ring, P. S. (2001). Relational quality: Managing trust in corporate alliances. California Management Review, 44(1), 109-131. [27] Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital, 5(1), 195-212. [28] Roos, J., Edvinsson, L., & Dragonetti, N. C. (1997). Intellectual capital: Navigating the new business landscape. Springer. [29] Bontis, N. (2001). Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital. International journal of management reviews, 3(1), 41-60. [30] Hunt, S. D. (2000). A general theory of competition. Thousands Oaks. Cal.(Sage). [31] Song, M., Di Benedetto, C. A., & Nason, R. W. (2007). Capabilities and financial performance: The moderating effect of strategic type. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(1), 18-34. [32] Vorhies, D. W., Morgan, R. E., & Autry, C. W. (2009). Product‐market strategy and the marketing capabilities of the firm: impact on market effectiveness and cash flow performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(12), 1310-1334. [33] Afzal, S. (2009). Marketing capability, strategy and business performance in emerging markets of Pakistan. IUB Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 88-102. [34] Cohen, S., & Kaimenakis, N. (2007). Intellectual capital and corporate performance in knowledge-intensive SMEs. The Learning Organization, 14(3), 241-262. [35] Nazari, J. A., & Herremans, I. M. (2007). Extended VAIC model: measuring intellectual capital components. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(4), 595-609. [36] Wang, W. Y., & Chang, C. (2005). Intellectual capital and performance in causal models: Evidence from the information technology industry in Taiwan. Journal of intellectual capital, 6(2), 222-236. [37] Cheng, M. Y., Lin, J. Y., Hsiao, T. Y., & Lin, T. W. (2010). Invested resource, competitive intellectual capital, and corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(4), 433-450. [38] Sulistyo, H. (2016). Innovation capability of SMEs through entrepreneurship, marketing capability, relational capital and empowerment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), 196-203. [39] Costa, R. V., Fernández, C. F. J., & Dorrego, P. F. (2014). Critical elements for product innovation at Portuguese innovative SMEs: an intellectual capital perspective. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 12(3), 322-338. [40] Chien, S. Y., & Tsai, C. H. (2012). Dynamic capability, knowledge, learning, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25(3), 434-444. [41] Nieves, J., & Haller, S. (2014). Building dynamic capabilities through knowledge resources. Tourism Management, 40, 224-232. [42] Lin, Y., & Wu, L. Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework. Journal of business research, 67(3), 407-413. [43] Van Reijsen, J., Helms, R., Batenburg, R., & Foorthuis, R. (2015). The impact of knowledge management and social capital on dynamic capability in organizations. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 13(4), 401-417. [44] Hsu, L. C., & Wang, C. H. (2012). Clarifying the effect of intellectual capital on performance: the mediating role of dynamic capability. British Journal of Management, 23(2), 179-205. [45] Molodchik, M., Molodchik, M., Jardon, C. M., & Jardon, C. M. (2017). Intellectual capital as enhancer of product novelty: An empirical study of Russian manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(2), 419-436. [46] Birasnav, M., Rangnekar, S., & Dalpati, A. (2011). Transformational leadership and human capital benefits: The role of knowledge management. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(2), 106-126. [47] Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ. [48] Phillips, J. J. (2005). Investing in your company's human capital: Strategies to avoid spending too little--or too much. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. [49] Boerner, S., Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Griesser, D. (2007). Follower behavior and organizational performance: The impact of transformational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(3), 15-26. [50] Rowe, W. G., & Guerrero, L. (2012). Cases in leadership. Sage. [51] Nemanich, L. A., & Keller, R. T. (2007). Transformational leadership in an acquisition: A field study of employees. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(1), 49-68. [52] Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of business and psychology, 14(3), 389-405. [53] Subramony, M., Segers, J., Chadwick, C., & Shyamsunder, A. (2018). Leadership development practice bundles and organizational performance: The mediating role of human capital and social capital. Journal of Business Research, 83, 120-129. [54] Chang, H. P., & Ma, C. C. (2015). Managing the service brand value of the hotel industry in an emerging market. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 47, 1-13. [55] Li, G., Shang, Y., Liu, H., & Xi, Y. (2014). Differentiated transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: A cross-level investigation. European Management Journal, 32(4), 554-563.
)