The study attempted to identify key factors affecting the operational resilience of Iran's banking ecosystem, analyze the interrelationships between these factors, and present a systematic model for improving the resilience of banks in the face of cyber risks. The study is applied and mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, data from semi-structured interviews analyzed using content analysis and coded with the MAXQDA tool. In the quantitative part, causal relationships between the identified factors analyzed using the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping approach and modeled with the Mental Modeler tool. The statistical population of the study included digital banking experts, and sampling was purposeful and judgmental, and 20 people were interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached. The results of the present study showed that the operational resilience of Iran's banking ecosystem is subject to the complex interaction of technological, managerial, human, institutional, and cyber factors. Among them, cyber resilience, IT infrastructure, crisis management and organizational agility play the most important role in maintaining the sustainability and continuity of banking operations. The research also showed that the digital circular economy can play an important role in improving operational resilience by increasing the sustainability of infrastructure, optimizing resource consumption and improving the flexibility of systems. On the other hand, the findings indicate that operational resilience is not simply a technological issue, but human, managerial and institutional dimensions also play a fundamental role in it. Therefore, single-dimensional approaches to cyber risk management and banking resilience cannot respond to the complexities of the digital banking ecosystem.