Abstract Innovation is recognized as a key factor in nations and firms competition and innovative firms are one of the perquisites for a dynamic and competitive economy. But firms face challenges and obstacles in path of innovation which different categories of these obstacles are presented. The purpose of this paper is studing innovation barrieers and determining the effects of them on different types of innovation in renewable energy firms. In this regard, innovation obstacles are identified and examined in terms of two categories of internal and external obstacles. Innovations are also divided into four categories of product, process, organizational and marketing. The research has been carried out among 154 renewable energy companies. In order to achieve these goals, at first, the research model was analyzed using factor analysis and path analysis technique and after assessing the fitting of structural models, the research hypotheses test was performed. The research results confirm six factors as internal barriers and six factors as external barriers. Among these factors, the lack of proper market identification and the lack of external resources to finance innovative activities have the greatest effect on the creation of each of the internal and external barriers respectively. Also, eight research hypotheses have all been accepted, indicating the impact of these two categories of barriers on all types of innovation in renewable companies.

Abstract   Knowledge sharing creates opportunities to maximize the organization’s ability to meet those needs and generates solutions and efficiencies that provide a business with a competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing can be defined as a social interaction culture, involving the exchange of employees knowledge, experiences and skills through the whole department or organization. The concept of innovation has been closely related to “knowledge creation and knowledge sharing”. Innovation is a process where the knowledge is acquired, shared and assimilated with the aim of creating new knowledge, which embodies products and services. Through exchange tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge with others, the capacity of people increases to be involved in new situation and solve new problems. It further helps to build new solution for the next issues. So different kinds of knowledge sharing are necessary to create new knowledge and innovation. A descriptive–correlation survey approach was used in this study, and the questionnaires were filled in by the staff (n=96) in Refahe Kargaran Bank. In the 95% confidence level, the results of the study revealed that there is a positive. relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. Also it was found that there is similar relationship between serial transfer and innovation. In addition, the same result were observed for near transfer, far transfer, strategic transfer and expert transfer with innovation. Finally, the research limitations and suggestions for further researches are presented.   Keywords:

Abstract Firms in many industries rely on knowledge generated outside of the firm as an input to their own research and development. The ability to exploit knowledge that exists outside the boundary of the firm is calld Absorptive Capacity. Cohen and Levinthal defined AC as ‘‘the ability of a firm to recognize the value of new and external knowledge, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends’’. They argued that AC is an organizational learning concept and the cumulative effect of continuous learning. However, this definition deals primarily with external knowledge. Implicit in the definition is the notion that firms are aware of internal information and have access to it. In some cases, organizations may not be aware or have access to their existing knowledge, especially tacit knowledge that can only be communicated by direct social interaction.Thus, a network of formal and informal communication linkages are necessary for the internal diffusion of new knowledge and technology. We employed a social theory of absorptive capacity and investigated its affect on innovaton and fliexibility in firm. On the other hand, we investigated the effect of intersubjectivity on absorptive capacity . To illustrate the links, the present study tested the hypothesis by structural equation, applied to a large sample (n=619). The results indicated a strong, positive and direct relation among intersubjectivity, absorptive capacity innovation and flexibility.