Abstract Banks, as key participants in the financial market, play a crucial role in expediting production processes and driving economic growth. They achieve this by gathering savings and idle liquidity, and channeling these resources into vital economic sectors. Enhancing efficiency and performance is a primary management objective for these institutions, as it leads to improved productivity. However, given the multitude of indicators and criteria used to assess efficiency, it is essential to identify and employ appropriate indicators based on specific guidelines. This study adopts an analytical-descriptive approach, collecting data from 2014 to 2019 through documentary research and surveys. The goal is to identify the influential indicators for evaluating the efficiency of commercial banks in Iran, as determined by a panel of experts. These indicators are then prioritized using factor analysis and the Fuzzy Delphi method. The findings reveal the existence of 19 key factors that determine bank efficiency, categorized into 7 main groups. These factors encompass financial, human, environmental and geographical, structural and organizational, physical, technical, and financial ratios. Together, they account for 62.45% of the total variance and serve as the most significant inputs and outputs that explain and determine the efficiency of commercial banks in Iran.

Abstract Despite the change in the structure of banking systems after the financial crisis, international banking is still considered as one of the important sources of financing for developing countries. In the Iranian economy, due to the low level depth of capital market and the lack of suitable alternatives, the financing system is a bank-based system and banks have a great responsibility in financing small and large enterprises. The absence of foreign banks in Iran at the level and scale of other developing economies indicates Iran failure to properly exploit its sources of financing, especially when the country was not subject to economic sanctions. This study has argued about the importance and position of international banking in the economic system and then has tried to identify the key challenges of the international banking system in Iran. In this regard, qualitative research has been conducted by qualitative content analysis method with the presence of 15 experts in this field. The data collected through semi-structured interviews have been analyzed and the results indicate that: Very limited connection and access to the global financial system,limited implementation of internationally accepted standards in banking operations, non-compliance with the standards of the Financial Action Task Force, exchange rate fluctuations, corporate governance weakness, and credit risk rating are the most important challenges of our countrychr('39')s international banking system and these challenges have been due to macro variables such as: foreign policy orientation, dollar hegemony in the global financial system, comprehensive and targeted sanctions and regulatory barriers.

Abstract A Comparative Study of Implementing servant Leadership (ISL) in Banking, From the View Point of Managers and Personnel (Case Study) Ali-Akbar Farhangi1, Hossein Damghanian2, Mohammadreza Mehrgan3, Majidreza Davari4 1- Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2- Ph.D., Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 3- Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 4- Ph.D., Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Received: 13 /6/2010 Accept: 25/5/2011 The purpose of this article is to determine the possibility or impossibility of ISL in Maskan Bank and comparing, the managers' and personnel's viewpoints in bank branches, considering the Organizational Climate Indexes (OCI). The methodology used in this study in terms of purpose is applied, and in terms of data collecting approach is descriptive-analytical and correlational research type. Population of this study consists of the managers and other personnel of Maskan Bank branches within the Semnan province. A sample was selected out of this population using classified random sampling method. The necessary data were collected by applying a questionnaire and the research hypotheses were investigated using Mann-Whitney and Binomial tests. The results suggest that there is a significant difference between the views of managers and personnel in "satisfaction of remuneration" and "agreement on procedures". On the other hand, ISL in studied organization is possible just according to one of the indicators (satisfaction of remuneration) and is not possible according to other indicators (clarity of purpose, clarity of role and agreement on procedures).