Management Research in Iran

Abstract This study aims to explore and analyze the components and categories of enhancing innovation capacity through the application of the blue ocean strategy in the Iraqi pharmaceutical industry. Conducted as an applied research project, it employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 19 managers and experts in marketing and the pharmaceutical sector, analyzed across three coding phases: open, axial, and selective. During the open coding phase, 77 initial codes were identified and grouped into 12 axial categories: red ocean challenges, the necessity to move beyond traditional competition, advantages of the blue ocean strategy, elimination of unnecessary factors, reduction of low-value factors, enhancement of existing factors, creation of new factors, expansion of innovation capacity, integration of emerging technologies, sustainability and long-term impacts, and strategic foresight. These categories were subsequently consolidated into four overarching themes: challenges, tools, applications, and outcomes. The findings reveal that competitive challenges characteristic of red ocean environments, such as intense traditional rivalry and innovation limitations, can be effectively addressed through the four-pronged framework of elimination, reduction, enhancement, and creation. By fostering new markets and incorporating advanced technologies, the blue ocean strategy enhances innovation capacity and economic sustainability, promotes transformative innovation, and establishes a enduring competitive edge.

Abstract The digital world provides many opportunities for marketers to reach customers. However, in the fast-paced world, finding new and innovative ways to market products and services is very important. Due to the advancement of artificial intelligence and its development in the field of international marketing, professionals now have the tools to completely redefine the current understanding of branding, marketing and advertising. The growing popularity of the Internet and the increased use of mobile devices are generating massive amounts of consumer data that feed artificial intelligence-based systems. This research is a type of mixed research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, which is a survey study in terms of its purpose, application, and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research was managers and experts specializing in the field of digital marketing and IT in the international field, who were selected using the snowball sampling method. In the qualitative part, the tools for collecting information were library and articles review, interviews, and in the quantitative part, questionnaires. In the qualitative part of the data analysis method, using the theme analysis that was compiled with MAXQDA software and using the coding method, and in the quantitative part, the analysis method was based on Kendall's correlation test. According to the results of the research, 9 main themes, 20 sub-themes and 50 codes were discovered, which included the consequences of using artificial intelligence in international marketing. The research findings can have important results for exporters and international marketers

Abstract In the organizational world, women have more opportunities to participate and compete with men. Despite the increasing participation of women in organizations, the advancement and entry of women into high positions faces obstacles known as the glass ceiling. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying barriers to the promotion of women using the qualitative Q method in the National Iranian Oil Company. Q statement were explored through 19 selected studies based on research protocols and media sources such as publications, newspapers, television programs, and conversations with experts and elites. Then, a questionnaire consisting of 39 cards and an answer sheet (Q diagram) was given to 43 experts who expressed their opinion based on a range of strongly agree (+4) to strongly disagree (4-). The collected data were analyzed by Q-type explorative factor analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that there are seven perceptions and mental groups about the obstacles faced by women in achieving managerial positions. In these mental models, the statements “less skill of women in political games”, “less ability of women to bear the psychological pressures of managerial jobs”, “family priority over work for women”, “Womenchr('39')s dependence on men in terms of geography and place of residence” “need a flexible work plan” were among the most important barriers to womenchr('39')s career advancement.