Women's glass ceiling; Concepts and explorations using Q method
Volume 25, Issue 2, Summer 2021, Pages 184-217
Ghasem zarei, Tavakol Sharafi, Allahyar beigi firoozi
Abstract In the organizational world, women have more opportunities to participate and compete with men. Despite the increasing participation of women in organizations, the advancement and entry of women into high positions faces obstacles known as the glass ceiling. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying barriers to the promotion of women using the qualitative Q method in the National Iranian Oil Company. Q statement were explored through 19 selected studies based on research protocols and media sources such as publications, newspapers, television programs, and conversations with experts and elites. Then, a questionnaire consisting of 39 cards and an answer sheet (Q diagram) was given to 43 experts who expressed their opinion based on a range of strongly agree (+4) to strongly disagree (4-). The collected data were analyzed by Q-type explorative factor analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that there are seven perceptions and mental groups about the obstacles faced by women in achieving managerial positions. In these mental models, the statements “less skill of women in political games”, “less ability of women to bear the psychological pressures of managerial jobs”, “family priority over work for women”, “Womenchr('39')s dependence on men in terms of geography and place of residence” “need a flexible work plan” were among the most important barriers to womenchr('39')s career advancement.
Identifying the Mental Models of Entrepreneurial Banking: Using Q Methodology
Volume 23, Issue 2, Summer 2019, Pages 79-100
samira nazifi, Samereh Shojaee, Roohalla Samiee, mosraghimi mahmoud reza
Abstract The paradigm governing compilation was qualitative (quantitative). The study population consisted of university professors and bank experts, who were purposefully selected by focus group discussion technique. Nine of them were selected for study. Based on interviews with experts in the form of focused discussion groups, 43 phrases were extracted which were presented to experts in a questionnaire consisting of 43 cards and a questionnaire, in which they agreed or disagreed with them. Specify. Data analysis was performed by performing exploratory factor analysis using SPSSWin20 software. The results of this study showed that subjective models of entrepreneurial banking have three dimensions: high management support, organizational strategy, organizational structure.