Management Research in Iran

Abstract The export of agricultural goods, especially nuts, plays a significant role in providing foreign exchange income from non-oil exports. Due to the inadequacy of the models presented in the existing theoretical foundations, this research was conducted with a developmentalist view of the non-oil economy with the aim of designing a model for nuts export tactics to Russia. This research follows the sequential mixed method. First by using the library method, nuts export tactics were extracted. Then in the qualitative part, the initial tactics were presented through interviews to 25 experts who were selected through the snowball sampling method, while confirming them, additional tactics were extracted. Data collection in the quantitative part was also done using a questionnaire which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach alpha method and its validity was confirmed by content validity method. By asking 110 nuts exporters who were selected through judgmental sampling method, the final tactics were ranked using the TOPSIS method. The results showed that the best way to developing the nuts export to Russia is using of 30 tactics which have the following priority: Integration of small companies to achievement of reliable brand and production on an economic scale, Establishing the joint bank of Iran and Russia and opening branches in both countries to facilitate financial transfers, Controlling pollution and reducing the use of pollutants in export affairs and other tactics in the research model.

Abstract Good management is a vital and dynamic member of the organization that causes the participation of employees in organizational policy-making and defines the goal of the company's activity to provide services to the community and prioritize the company's profits. The purpose of this research is to design a conceptual model of good management in manufacturing-commercial companies with a qualitative approach using grounded theory. The statistical population of the study includes 21 members including scientific experts and executives who were selected for the interview purposefully through the snowball method. By analyzing the data during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, 527 initial codes were classified into 95 concepts, 26 subcategories, and 6 factors, and the final conceptual model was developed. The interview process was performed to collect data in a semi-structured manner until theoretical saturation was achieved. Findings showed that the process of achieving a good management model is a multifaceted issue that requires simultaneous attention to the categories of causal conditions (university-in-service training, leadership-management behavioral balance, governance regulations, developed structure, and environmental demand), contextual conditions (industry-university relationship, strategic human resource management, organizational flexibility), interventionist conditions (public-private sector laws, unplanned evaluation and implementation of successful models) and finally strategies (organizational change management, corporate responsibility, and development of ethical charter of managers). Achieving sustainable growth, increasing the company's social acceptance, humanizing the work environment, corporate accountability, and developing the ethical habits of managers were also identified as the consequences of implementing a good management model

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to identify and develop a model for responsible strategies of companies with the meta-synthesis method. The present study is developmental in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data nature, and terms of data collection is a documentary meta-synthesis. For this purpose, after going through the steps of this method and analyzing the articles, 68 articles were examined and 594 primary codes were extracted. Thematic analysis techniques were used in the analysis phase of the findings. Finally, after analyzing all the articles, 10 concepts, and 29 secondary codes were extracted. These concepts include macro-level antecedents, organization-level antecedents, responsible strategic orientation, integrated responsible corporate governance, regulatory strategies, comprehensive strategies(as content and contextual concepts of strategy); implementation drivers, institutionalization components (as process concepts), and finally internal and external consequences. In the identified model of responsible strategies, the existence of a responsible corporate governance system plays a central role in the strategic choices of companies and the balancing of responsible orientations, which can ultimately achieve synergy value through the correct and optimal implementation of these strategies.

Abstract Objective: Concerning the high importance of multi-business and heterogeneous corporations in developing countries, their formation regions are vital. The present study aims to identify formation logic and the characteristics of each logic in state-owned and private Corporations.
Methodology: The statistical population of the study was the senior managers of the heterogeneous multi-business corporations in state-owned and private corporations. Based on the method of judgmental and purposeful sampling, 11 experts have interviewed using the semi-structured method. The methodology of the present study is multi-grounded theory.
Results: In the first part, through theoretical literature and systematic review, 28 themes were identified in three categories: contextual, structural, and behavioral. In the second part, based on the research literature, they entered the interview and added 5 themes to the previous themes. These include political sanctions, knowledge of managers, exchange of businesses with arrears, the existence of cover-businesses, the priority of businesses over their formation.
Conclusion: The results showed that the dominant logic for the formation of state-owned companies was the logic of coercion and for private companies, three logics of synergy, business, and managerschr(chr(chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))))39chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))))39chr(chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))))39chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))))) thinking were identified. Among the constituent factors of each logic based on the frequency of interviews for the logic of coercion of structural factors, for the synergistic logic of structural factors, for business logic, underlying factors, and finally for the logic of the thought of managers of behavioral factors as the main factors were selected.

Abstract The automotive industry, as the forefront of the technological revolution, is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. AI and its application in this industry have evolved into a complex technological ecosystem that encompasses numerous stakeholders. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the position and role of stakeholders within the AI ecosystem in Iran's automotive industry. To this end, a list of stakeholders in the AI ecosystem was initially compiled. Subsequently, the position and role of these stakeholders were analyzed. Data regarding the stakeholders' positions were collected using an interest-power matrix, for which a questionnaire comprising 48 items was designed and completed by 36 experts and specialists. Based on the findings, the stakeholders in this ecosystem were categorized at both macro and micro levels and classified into four groups using the interest-power matrix: key stakeholders (with high interest and high power), contextual stakeholders (with high power and low interest), dependent stakeholders (with low power and high interest), and marginal stakeholders (with low power and low interest). The results indicate that governmental institutions, research centers, and automakers are among the key stakeholders, while financial institutions and some suppliers fall into the contextual stakeholder group. End-users, including consumers and drivers, are considered dependent stakeholders, whereas media and some regulatory organizations are categorized as marginal stakeholders. This classification can assist policymakers and industry players in optimizing interactions and fostering the sustainable development of the AI ecosystem in the automotive industry.

Abstract The Design Science Research method (DSR) is an approach to provide practical solutions based on scientific principles in order to produce substantiated and inferred results and products, and at the same time, the results can be scientifically evaluated in the form of primary artifacts and practical use in four main stages which ultimately results in their practical efficiency and effectiveness in the outside world. By designing and creating an archetype in the prototyping stage, DSR evaluates real scenarios and then examines the solution in practical cases. From this point of view, in this research, it has been tried to use the DSR method to provide an innovative solution for predicting bank liquidity risk and upcoming scenarios. This study uses semtiment analysis and deep learning algorithm such as deep convolutional network in predicting liquidity risk and presents a simple and effective method to identify dynamic qualitative variables from recent news about a domestic bank in the country. Predicted scenarios are available to banking experts in the real world to facilitate decision-making in risk measures. According to the guidelines of the Basel Committee and other European banking regulatory frameworks, comparing these scenarios with the scenarios occurring in the bank indicates a relatively high accuracy of the proposed method. In the scenarios derived from the Basel Committee and derived from the European Banking Authority, the forecasting accuracy is about 91% and 82%, respectively

Abstract One of the main challenges constantly facing the majority of the organizations is planning to develop and improve processes and operations based on the adoption of new technologies, especially digital technologies, to react to the requirements of markets and competitive environments. Therefore, by using hybrid research approach (qualitative and quantitative), the present study explores the applications of digital technologies in terms of technical needs and business performances in the supply chain network of the bedding industry. The method includes developing an efficient measurement tool to evaluate the digitalization and automation specifications for integrated management of the supply chain operations and flows in manufacturing industries and validating it using the multi-criteria decision-making approach DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP), which is considered the study’s contribution to knowledge and the literature. Therefore, in the first step, the list of influential factors was determined as 6 process areas and a total of 22 related attributes using the desk-based research and Delphi method. Then, the weights and relationships among factors were evaluated using the DANP technique. According to the obtained results, the process area of inventory and warehouse management is considered the most critical factor with the highest weight. However, the process areas of sourcing and buy and business management were identified as the most effective factors in improving critical areas.

Abstract Paradoxes are one of the inevitable phenomena in organizational life that are manifested in the form of decision-making dilemmas. Managers experience paradoxical tensions in different situations and should be able to provide appropriate responses to resolve such tensions. One of these situations is the paradoxical tension of exclusive-inclusive talent management. The present study was conducted to discover the strategies for managing this tension. This research is practical in terms of purpose and is qualitative in terms of data collection method. The population was research and executive managers at different levels of the Information and Communication Technology Research Institute, and 28 of whom were selected using the snowball sampling. The data collection tool in this study was semi-structured interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method. The results showed that "the modifying factors of tensions" including "organizational justice", "the nature of interpersonal relationships" and "access to resources" will affect the formation of tension. In addition, two active responses including "acceptance" and "equilibrium and integration" as well as three inactive responses including "suppression", "separation" and "projection" were identified as tension management strategies.

Abstract In today's turbulent economic environment, companies are struggling to find ways to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. One of these methods is supply chain management to reduce costs and improve performance to create a competitive advantage and business success. The purpose of this study is on how to use supply chain management by pharmaceutical distribution companies in Iran and its role in the success and competitiveness of companies. The method used in the research is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). Data collection in the qualitative section was done during an in-depth interview with 30 experts from Iran's top pharmaceutical distribution companies, based on which categories were extracted; Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories was made based on the study of causal conditions and its effect on the central phenomenon of "drug distribution chain management strategy development", as well as the effect of contextual conditions and intermediate conditions on strategic factors The format of the coding paradigm was determined; Then, in the selective coding stage, each component of the coding paradigm was described, the storyline was drawn, and the theory was created; Finally, the research propositions of the research were compiled. In the quantitative stage, the questionnaires were distributed among the top 16 drug distribution companies and the model extracted from the quality section was tested with the help of partial least squares software. Finally, the mentioned model and the hypotheses were confirmed.

Abstract Marketing as an academic discipline is short-lived. In contrast, the practical experience of trade and marketing in the world is long in history. Due to certain types of goods in geography disproportionate to the ingredients of those products, archaeological studies and research found that those goods traveled long distances and were exchanged and traded from one land to another. Therefore, the experience of entering and choosing business destinations has long been the focus of human attention. This research aims to study the international market selection literature, and the article has tried to analyze the method of previous studies in this field. In this regard, based on Metamethod and, Considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) items, a collection of Iranian scientific journals in management, business, and marketing was systematically reviewed. Studies have shown that during about two decades, from 1380 to 1399, a total of twenty-three journals have published forty-three articles on the subject of export target markets. The existence of methods myopia in all three parts of the research method, data collection method, and data analysis method was observed significantly.
The existence of methods myopia in all three parts of the research method, data collection method, and data analysis method was observed significantly.

Abstract Social marketing is based on meeting the needs and wants of customers in the short term in a worthier way than competitors. The long-term benefits of the target market as well as the promotion of the welfare and health of the community. The purpose of this study is to identify and localize indicators and components of social marketing in order to achieve the goals of the Tax Administration. The method of this research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. The research strategy in the first stage was qualitative content analysis and in the second stage was conceptual mapping. In the qualitative content analysis, scientific documents related to the research topic were purposefully selected and components and indicators were identified. The results of the first step were localized through interviews with 11 experts of the tax administration. The results showed that in order to change the attitude of taxpayers and consequently stimulate tax payment behavior, components of law compliance, development of tax culture and participation of organizations are more important and components such as identifying and understanding the needs of taxpayers, formulating tax strategies, proper policy and transparency of e-services fall into the next categories. The results of the present study, which is based on social marketing in order to prevent tax evasion and improve the attitude of taxpayers, can provide a good basis for decision makers in this government institution and pave the way for social growth through voluntary tax collection.

Abstract Saffron is a food product with a comparative advantage in the country. This product needs a competitive advantage in the export markets to achieve its valuable position. The problem is that this export commodity with production advantage in a water-scarce country is mostly exported with the least added value to countries such as Spain through indirect exports and under the private label branding of distributors and there it is re-exported to other countries with new packaging and higher prices. With climate change and the increasing tendency of consumers to organic products, it is necessary to study and formulate the saffron export marketing strategy with a green marketing orientation.
Systematic review method has been used for extensive study of domestic and foreign researches to identify the dimensions of the export marketing strategy with a green orientation. With an exploratory sequential mix method, content and theme analysis has been used through interviews with industry and academic experts in the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase of the research, Fuzzy Dematel techniques and interpretive structural equation modeling have been used to formulate the export strategy.
The result shows that the use of dimensions such as firm characteristics, analysis of saffron industry and market in domestic and export target markets, identification of the company's export capabilities and green capabilities along with a marketing mixed program is recommended to leading export companies in the Iranian saffron industry.

Abstract With the increasing influence of managers in achieving success in organizations and the need to improve their performance, the requirement to design development systems for managers should be considered more than in the past, and one of the most effective methods and solutions was to identify and analyze their role. The purpose of this research was to design the model of the roles of managers in research institutes and knowledge-based companies, which was fundamental in terms of its purpose and in terms of the method of data collection, it was a part of qualitative research. The qualitative part was conducted by reviewing literature and field data and conducting semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis strategy. In this regard, interviews were conducted with 12 experts working in knowledge-based companies, environmental activists and NGOs, industry and university contacts, and management experts. After initial coding of the interview and removal of duplicate codes, a total of 74 basic themes, 19 organizing themes and 5 overarching themes were formed as follows: the guiding and planning role, the innovative role, the human resource management role, the negotiator role and the spiritual role. The role of leader and planner includes: setting goals, drawing common ideals and making decisions; The innovative role contains the roles of: creative and transformative; The role of human resources management includes: identifying and attracting talents, training, coaching, motivating and central knowledge; The role of the negotiator includes; The spiritual role includes.

Abstract Vitality of human resources is a completely emotional issue and in fact it is a positive state that is achieved in response to the constant interaction of the person with the meaningful elements of the job and work environment. Usually, cheerful employees have a favorable and satisfactory attitude towards themselves and others, have balanced social relations and evaluate their life process and others positively. The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting an action plan for the vitality of human resources in the social security organization. The research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and inductive-deductive in terms of its nature and method. According to the approach of the research, which is among the mixed researches, so that the statistical population of the research in the qualitative part consists of experts (experts, managers and experts) who have theoretical mastery, practical experience, desire and ability to participate in the research and 26 were selected using the purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population includes customers, due to its unlimited number, 384 people were selected using a random method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is a structured interview, and also in the quantitative part, the data collection tool is a questionnaire. In this way, the state of vitality of human resources, the level of satisfaction and happiness of customers and finally the state of customers in terms of happiness and vitality were measured and analyzed by the variables of social security organization, indicators and components of vitality of human resources and finally the model was formulated. . Finally, based on the obtained information and model; Using the action research method, the operational plan of organizational vitality for the social security organization was expressed in the form of employees and customers.

Abstract Since the resources are limited in each industrial region, it is logical to allocate resources to the most efficient industries. Recently, based on the environmental conditions and geographical position of Tehran, the capital of Iran, this city is in critical environmental situation. Therefore, assessing both environmental and industrial efficiency of Tehran’s production industries is essential. In this regard, network Data Envelopment Analysis is used in order to compare total efficiency of the industries including environmental and operational efficiencies. Network Data Envelopment Analysis is a developed form of standard DEA and looks inside the black-box in order to assess the partial efficiency in addition to the total efficiency which will results to a multi-objective problem. The contribution of this research is introducing a technique for assessing the efficiency of a network structure by means of the developed form of network DEA technique which minimizes the distance from the individuals’ independent efficiency with a linear optimization approach. Results show the advantages of the proposed model.

Abstract In the business-to-business that includes specialized markets and the complex needs of customers, many product manufacturers and service providers take action to offer unique solutions that is responsible for most of the actions and parts of the process. The nature of software products and services as well as difference and diversity of customer needs that entails providers to seek customer solutions. The purpose of this research is to develop a forming and deployment customer solutions model in the Iranian software industry. The research data collected via interviews with 18 software industry experts. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. After the primary categories extracted from the data, they were referred back to the experts to be verified. After experts approval and screening, 27 sub-categories and 11 main categories were obtained. The main categories are: "Customer organization maturity amount; Provider knowledge from the customer business ecosystem; Correct knowledge of the customer from its request; Provider and customer use of multitasking teams; Achieve to joint language and mutual understanding; Provider approach in partnership with customers; Mechanisms of documentation, requests transference and feedbacks; Predicting and controlling of uncertainties; Supporting and directing changes in the customer organization; Redefining and clarifying customer processes; and Provider and customer mutual protection from knowledge assets. Then, the model of research obtained by using Interpretive Structural Modelling.

Abstract Since relationship marketing is a fundamental necessity for achieving a competitive advantage, today companies with superior performance in various industries, through close and long time relationships with customers, maintain and gain their loyalty-to try to achieve this important thing. Accordingly, this study addresses the role of relationship marketing in achieving competitive advantage in the insurance industry. The current research has purpose of applicable And data collection for the study was descriptive – survey. The sampling population for this study is the policyholders of Iran insurance company in the city of Tehran. For the sampling, Multi-Stage clustered sampling has been used 410 samples of people were obtained. For data analysis, hypothesis and model testing we use the structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis through Spss and Lisrel Statistical software.The results showed that Relationship marketing tactics have effect on service quality and relationship quality variables. Service quality have positive effect on relationship quality and relationship quality have significant and positive effect on competitive advantage. Therefore, Relationship marketing tactics through service quality and relationship quality have significant and positive effect on competitive advantage. Bilateral and reciprocal relations between insurers and insurance companies have established due to the implementation of relationship marketing, which plays an important role in the success of these companies.

Abstract Sustainability in businesses and organizations is a significant issue today.Sustainable marketing aims to create more value by creating social and environmental values for its target customers.Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting sustainable marketing in the detergent industry.This study was performed by qualitative research method (Grounded Theory) and quantitative research (structural equations models).The qualitative section was done by interviewing 20 experts and the quantitative section was done by a questionnaire presented in 9 companies in the detergent industry.Based on the results of the qualitative section, the components in the 6 main networks of the grounded theory were categorized as follows: Axial phenomenon including sustainable marketing; Causal factors including environmental, economic and social dimensions; Underlying factors include the principles of Confucius; Interfering factors include sanctions and inflation; Strategies include customer support and increasing customer welfare and outcomes include customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and improving company performance.Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that causal factors affect the axial phenomenon by 0.495.Underlying and intervening factors affect strategies by 0.466 and 0.361, respectively.Axial phenomena affect strategies by 0.423 and strategies affect outcomes by 0.807.

Abstract Customer relationship management provides the basis for customer optimal communication, customer loyalty and customer retention. This requires the design of customer-based strategies, the proper implementation and applying of technology, employee empowerment and increasing the level of customers knowledge. Given the advances in e-banking and the reduction of face-to-face contact points, the use of business intelligence tools to effectively use large volumes of customer information also seems necessary. The purpose of present study is to provide a conceptual framework for customer relationship management in electronic banking using business intelligence tools in Sepah Bank and merged banks. For this purpose, a qualitative research has been conducted and first, by reviewing the studies, the initial framework has been identified and then, Theme Analysis has been used for its development in electronic banking. The research population is 7 experts of case study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and credibility and confirmability were used to assess the validity of the results. After analyzing the data, the customer relationship management framework in e-banking is classified into 6 dimensions, 16 components and 35 indicators. The main dimensions of which are Customer reach and acquisition, Customer identification, Customer attraction, Customer relationship development, Customer retention and customer relationship review.